Telling structural and cyclical unemployment apart: one is about skills and the other is about orders

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When cyclical and structural unemployment overlap do you fix demand first or retrain first How a shortfall in aggregate demand turns into layoffs: orders drop in spring and headcount falls by autumn Skills mismatch as a macro cause: what the education system produces has little to do with what employers list When an industry migrates the whole supply chain leaves and the workers left behind are not unskilled but stranded New drawings and a new parts supplier leave a fitter with ten years on the floor suddenly unqualified Four thousand coal miners cannot code and that gap is textbook structural unemployment How well do retraining programmes work for a 45-year-old learning a new trade Regional mismatch: the jobs are in Shenzhen and the workers are in the northeast and moving costs more than the wage gap Structural unemployment takes a generation to work through because whole careers have to be rebuilt The line between structural and frictional unemployment: whether the missing skill can be learned in a few weeks