Sorting unemployment types by duration: a three-month gap and a three-year gap are different problems with different fixes

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Long spells of joblessness stop being a duration problem and turn into a skills-atrophy problem Benefit exhaustion at month 26 creates a cliff for the long-term jobless The group almost nobody counts: people who gave up looking are not unemployed in the official statistics Graduating into a long jobless spell lowers earnings a decade later A whole industry shrinking and a single employer failing produce different kinds of joblessness even at the same headcount One career-long jobless spell versus a person who is out of work every second winter Is underemployment a type of unemployment: working twenty hours a week is not the same as working none A first-time entrant with no work history is a different unemployment type from a re-entrant who was laid off Unemployment caused by unpaid caregiving is not the same animal as unemployment caused by a plant closure Voluntary versus involuntary unemployment: one is turning down work and the other is being turned down