Voluntary versus involuntary unemployment: one is turning down work and the other is being turned down

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A whole industry shrinking and a single employer failing produce different kinds of joblessness even at the same headcount Is underemployment a type of unemployment: working twenty hours a week is not the same as working none One career-long jobless spell versus a person who is out of work every second winter Waiting six months for a job that fits your training is voluntary unemployment by most definitions A first-time entrant with no work history is a different unemployment type from a re-entrant who was laid off The group almost nobody counts: people who gave up looking are not unemployed in the official statistics How statistics define voluntary unemployment: you only count as unemployed if you are actively searching Unemployment among youth / graduates / women / over-50s is not one problem wearing four labels Long spells of joblessness stop being a duration problem and turn into a skills-atrophy problem Unemployment caused by unpaid caregiving is not the same animal as unemployment caused by a plant closure