Long-term unemployment

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Hiring bias Skill atrophy

Benefit exhaustion at month 26 creates a cliff for the long-term jobless Graduating into a long jobless spell lowers earnings a decade later Long spells of joblessness stop being a duration problem and turn into a skills-atrophy problem A Tuesday six months into unemployment has no structure left in it Field experiments find an 18-month employment gap roughly halves callback rates A CNC machinist off the floor for two years loses more than muscle memory Six months out of work is where recruiters start reading the gap as a warning sign Central banks watch the share of workers jobless over 27 weeks more closely than the headline rate Older long-term jobless workers get funnelled into early retirement instead of being rehired Long-term unemployment stays elevated for years after the headline rate recovers Screening on current employment makes re-entry harder the longer the spell runs Sorting unemployment types by duration: a three-month gap and a three-year gap are different problems with different fixes

Unemployment benefits Structural unemployment Layoffs Job search Youth unemployment Cyclical unemployment Unemployment rate Unemployment insurance Seasonal unemployment Frictional unemployment