Ranking modes on cost per tonne-kilometre is the only fair comparison and almost nobody does it.

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Shipping carries about 80 percent of world trade by volume and that concentration is itself a supply chain risk. Why does moving a container inland cost more than moving it across an ocean? Transport is a derived demand: nobody wants the truck and everybody wants what is inside it. Human-powered transport gets left out of most transport overviews entirely. Land vs water vs air vs pipeline: the four families every transport overview starts with. Transport and storage employ roughly one in ten workers in rich economies: what those jobs actually are. Where do lifts and escalators belong in a list of transport modes? Mode vs vehicle vs network: three words transport writing treats as interchangeable and should not. Why do transport industries consolidate into a handful of carriers and then break apart again? Productivity in transport has grown slower than in manufacturing for decades and the explanations all conflict.