Mondragon moved worker-members between factories instead of laying them off through four recessions

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One member one vote sounds fair until the co-op needs $40 million and every investor wants a board seat The Rochdale Pioneers wrote the 1844 rules still defining co-op principles: one vote each and a dividend on purchases Quitting a co-op usually means selling your membership share back at a price fixed by the bylaws and far below market Subchapter T lets cooperatives deduct patronage refunds: the tax rule most founders discover too late Redeemable member shares turn into a capital crisis when the founding generation retires and asks for its money back Patronage dividends let a co-op return surplus to members without the tax treatment of a shareholder dividend The International Co-operative Alliance lists seven principles and plenty of member organizations quietly skip two Argentina's recovered factories ran as worker co-ops on expropriation laws that later expired Labor shortages are usually wage problems wearing a different hat Skills gap rhetoric and what employers are really complaining about