Shaping: how do you teach a multi-step skill one approximation at a time?

GoogleShaping: how do y… QuoraShaping: how do y… XShaping: how do y… FacebookShaping: how do y… YouTubeShaping: how do y… TikTokShaping: how do y… RedditShaping: how do y… BingShaping: how do y…

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Why punishment rarely removes a behavior while reinforcement does Bloom's two-sigma problem: one-on-one tutoring outperforms classrooms by two standard deviations and nobody knows how to scale it The spacing effect is one of the most replicated findings in psychology and almost no curriculum is designed around it Test accommodations: who qualifies for extra time and why Transfer of learning is the graveyard of good teaching — skills learned in one context rarely move to another without help Spaced repetition software like Anki works because it schedules review right at the edge of forgetting Social learning theory says we learn most from watching others fail rather than from being told not to fail Lectures survived 900 years not because they work but because they scale — active learning now has the data and the lecture has the tradition Zone of proximal development — Vygotsky's idea that the best teaching works just beyond what you can do alone Adult learning theory insists adults learn differently — the evidence is thinner than the confidence